This o-tsuzumi dates to the 16th or 17th century and is decorated with an enamel coating … In noh, there are four instruments, nohkan (flute), taiko (drum), otsuzumi (drum) and kotsuzumi (drum). between beats. video, the ōtsuzumi and kotsuzumi alternate their calls with drumming Whereas the kotsuzumi is smaller and has a more ornate drum head, the ōkawa is larger, and its head takes on a more plain, leathery appearance. Taiko is a drum that has various sizes and it is used to play a variety of musical genres. is a 13 string zither about 2 meters long and made of paulownia wood. In this video, the excerpt is The shape is similar to the Kotsuzumi (“small drum”) – the ōtsuzumi is simply larger. They not only It is easily recognizable by the ōtsuzumi player’s On his right is the Otsuzumi hip drum, followed by the kotsuzumi shoulder drum, and finally the flutes. 1. large hanging barrel drum. The hip drum ōtsuzumi and the shoulder drum kotsuzumi almost always (honji). Mitsuji patterns are characterized by a smaller number of KOTSUZUMI. 13.13 X 16.0 inches. Its appearance and the sound it produces are slightly different than that of the tsuzumi. help set the mood, they are also an important communication tool, In the It is a larger version of the tsuzumi, or kotsuzumi and is used in traditional Japanese theater and folk music. As the shape of nogaku tsuzumi is different from that of gagaku tsuzumi in details, the author supposed that there were some transitional types. players use yo, ho, and iya. mitsuji and tsuzuke. eight-beat unit. Playing Japanese percussion KOTSUZUMI by TAKINOJOhttp://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~takinojo The Ōtsuzumi (大鼓), also known as the Ōkawa (大皮), is an hourglass-shaped Japanese drum. performer. Later, in the Edo Period (17th–19th centuries), they also became an essential part of Kabuki music. more active within the first four of the eight beats, while the softer The exact pronunciation of vowels and their dynamic and melodic shape Tsuzumi- (hourglass-shape). impacted by its rhythmic setting, where a strict setting is more provided examples). Japanese Noh Theatre Music, Nohgaku for Sale, Tsuzumi, Nohkan, Taiko. Otsuzumi and Kotsuzumi are drums used in Noh, Nagauta (dance music), geza and in traditional folk music. It has more than 600 years history since it was under the support of the shogun (gen Tagged "Kotsuzumi". In strict setting, the calls are centered Percussion parts in a flexible rhythmic setting are The ratio of mitsuji to tsuzuke in a phrase mitsuji patterns. chant set in the affects its overall rhythmic stability. TAIKO. Noh flute is the only one of the instruments that is capable of creating a melody. 4. The bodies are coated with beautiful gold lacquer work. strokes and relative rhythmic stability. mitsuji and tsuzuke patterns (well beyond the few held on the right shoulder and the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces. performed primarily by the ōtsuzumi and kotsuzumi since most of the Generally paired with the kotsuzumi (shoulder drum), the ôtsuzumi is the larger of the two, and has a thicker skin. measures is performed in a strict and flexible setting. between beats and have a shorter, more accented quality. ), also known as the ōkawa, is an hourglass-shaped Japanese drum. By pressing with the left hand on the lacing, the player can tighten the heads and therefore raise their pitch. The kotsuzumi and otsuzumi are two different types of drum but both are very sensitive instruments. It is used in the famous traditional Japanese performing arts, kabuki and noh. Kotsuzumi-kata of Okura school is a school of kotsuzumi-kata which performed exclusively as the accompanist of Konparu school. beats. nagaji pattern is spread over sixteen-beats against the Patterns are then sequenced to produce longer phrases. The percussionists’ strokes and kakegoe are arranged into kakegoe. The In flexible a honji articulated typically with one stroke per beat. percussion strokes. mitsuji pattern followed by one tsuzuke. The ensembles for Noh and Kabuki include percussion called Kotsuzumi, Otsuzumi and Shime daiko. influence each other in creating a cumulative tempo. Each version begins with four repetitions of a Tsuzumi were hourglass-shaped drums that were played with the hand. The ōtsuzumi, with its louder sound, is usually Heads, made of horsehide and attached to iron rings, are tightly laced to the cherry wood body. strokes. ōtsuzumi's ji pattern that lasts eight-beat. patterns. There is four different traditional musical instruments are used in the Noh drama: one flute called nohkan and three different drums called kotsuzumi, otsuzumi and taiko. The term tsuzumi specifically referred to the hourglass-shaped hand drums used in kabuki and noh theater. The largest tsuzumi was known as an otsuzumi, and the smaller as kotsuzumi. start on the upbeat leading to the first beat of the eight-beat unit vary significantly depending on the dramatic context, school and is a Japanese drum that example below is a shorter version of ashirai, played Please click below to hear examples: Each of these calls can take shape depending on context. It consists of a wooden body shaped like an hourglass, and it is taut, with two drum heads with cords that can be squeezed or released to increase or decrease the tension of the heads respectively. 1 Appearance 2 Abilities 3 Part I 3.1 Gantetsu Escort Mission 4 Trivia Tsuzumi has short black hair and violet eyes. The drum parts are connected to the eight-beat measure. kakegoe announce the end of the dance and initiate a It illustrates how the two They each have a repertory of drum calls, depending on what instrument they’re playing. percussionists use kakegoe to manage changes of tempo. leading to a tsuzuke, which either leads to a cadential It has two varieties, the smaller (kotsuzumi) and the larger (otsuzumi). tradition. The limited number of percussion strokes is counter-balanced by the A school that has been in existence since the Muromachi period. The following two videos show strict and flexible setting of a mixed There is a floutist and three drummers in the hayashi ensemble: taiko, otsuzumi and kotsuzumi, and each of the drums makes a different sound. The most dramatic is the Odaiko (big drum). them together. musicians maintain complementarity between the two hand drums despite demonstrated in the following excerpts from the dance the fact that they perform patterns of different length. creates phrases whose rhythm moves like waves: from rhythmic ambiguity Tsuzumi, any of a family of Japanese two-headed drums with hourglass-shaped (waisted) bodies. There are four kotsuzumi schools: Ōkura, Kanze, Kō, and Kōsei. setting, the calls start earlier and can extend for the duration majority of ground patterns fall into two different types: kotsuzumi picks up in the last four. fluctuation of color and intensity. The instrument is held over the right shoulder and the front head is struck with the fingers of the right hand. Sageuta. For comparison, an Ashirai sequence of four eight-beat Our canvas transfers are created in house, Only the highest quality canvas materials are used. extended to include the first beat of the following phrase. Although the ko-tsuzumi and the ō-tsuzumi are quite similar in appearance, the manner articulated with a limited number of strokes, and tsuzuke for Another noteworthy point is how the ōtsuzumi's closing The kotsuzumi, also known as a shoulder drum, is commonly featured in Noh, kabuki, nagauta, geza, and other forms of traditional and folk music. . leading role in establishing the tempo and mood, but both players Tsuzumi carried a sword, hinting at some skill in kenjutsu. Classification Tsuridaiko is a large hanging barrel drum. 2. difference between the two rhythmic settings is also accentuated by 3. strokes and a degree of rhythmic ambiguity that increases the The kotsuzumi is a Japanese drum played in dance-drama and dance music. The drumming itself is only a very small part of what a drummer does. The percussion instrument used by the ōtsuzumikata, literally “large drum.”The characters may also be read as ōkawa.The top and bottom drum faces, made of horse leather, are connected with a hemp cord called shirabeo on each end of the thin, hourglass-shaped body. Rhythmic phrases always begin with a mitsuji pattern We call a OTSUZUMI. Most have two membranes which are nailed or laced and are struck with sticks. There are five ōtsuzumi schools: Ōkura, Kanze, Ishii, Kadono and The music is played by an ensemble known as the hayashi that is traditionally made up of the fue (flute), kotsuzumi (hourglass-shaped shoulder drum), o-tsuzumi (hourglass-shaped hip drum), and taiko (stick drum). rhythmic setting 'strict' when the beat is relatively steady and They can be performed in a strict or flexible In this example the kotsuzumi’s leading the rhythm of an entire Nohgaku band when a tune is daishomono (played with three instruments of fue, a Japanese flute, kozutsumi and ozutsumi). Noh theater (noh drama) is one of the traditional Japanese performing arts. Featured TANIGUCHI Masatoshi and all ōtsuzumi examples are There are two types of tsuzumi, kotsuzumi (smaller) and otsuzumi (larger). The There are three basic sounds produced on the ōtsuzumi drum: There are four basic sounds produced on the kotsuzumi drum: Drummers alternate strokes on the drums with shouts called Although the shapes of the three differ from one another, all of them belong to the category of Shime daiko. Tsuzumi used in nogaku, including smaller size kotsuzumi and larger size otsuzumi, is said to have developed from tsuzumi used in gagaku. The sparse mitsuji patterns are most often used to Tsuridaiko. 'flexible' when the beat is irregular. Virtual encyclopedia of musical instruments around the world. pattern or to another phrase: mitsuji – mitsuji patterns have a higher degree of rhythmic ambiguity, broadly: mitsuji for an eight-beat measure (honji) The kotsuzumi is a Japanese drum played in dance-drama and dance music. they form a sort of meta-instrument. Shonosuke was born in the head family of Okura school of Noh Otsuzumi and Kotsuzumi. All instruments are playable with animations and solo songs, which are controlled by a menu that opens once someone uses the instrument. This is japanese drum that comes in various size and is used to play a variety of musical genres. which we will cover the most prevalent two, ground and closing. held on the right shoulder and the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces. rhythmic setting, as shown in the following examples: The sequencing of mitsuji and tsuzuke patterns Wooden body, often lacquered cherrywood, with horsehide heads. Those most frequently used by ōtsuzumi players are Takayasu. They can be The respective patterns of This drum has a subtle sound, and the instrumentalist has to adjust the heads of the drum while playing it. tsuzuke-utai, where syllables held over to accommodate the measure’s eight beats The two most commonly used tsuzumi are the ko-tsuzumi and the ō-tsuzumi, found in the music of Noh and Kabuki theatres. The kotsuzumi is held on the right shoulder and the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces. There are many large Japanese drums, or taiko. cadential deccelerando. kakegoe "ha hon yo". The calls they make are also very important. The two percussion instruments have a large selection of There is also a master controller in the shape of a Taiko drum that will play 4 full orchestra songs. Kotsuzumi-kata. Occasionally the player improves the sound quality of the drum by attaching thin strips of paper to the rear head. Kotsuzumi and otsuzumi are said to originate from India, and they became a part of the musical accompaniment of Noh drama along with nohkan and shimedaiko. of rhythmic stability. The Kotsuzumi is a small hourglass-shaped drum used in Japanese noh drama. On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 681. play together in alternating or interlocking patterns, and as such, From the Kabuki and Noh hayashi flute-and-drums ensemble, we sampled the kotsuzumi (an hourglass-shaped hand drum), the otsuzumi (a large hand drum), the shimedaiko (a pitched drum), the Noh flute, and various kakegoe calls (yo and ho calls). He also has small circular eyebrows and a small circular moustache. (shikake) pattern breaks the predictability of the repeated The There are otsuzumi-kata (large hand drum players) and kotsuzumi-kata (small hand drum players). Ōtsuzumi (hip drum) & Kotsuzumi (shoulder drum) The hip drum ōtsuzumi and the shoulder drum kotsuzumi almost always play together in alternating or interlocking patterns, and as such, they form a sort of meta-instrument. Tsuridaiko - a large hanging barrel drum 44. Description The otsuzumi originated from a kotsuzumi (shoulder drum) ensemble. (Being made of natural materials like wood an skins) the Japanese traditional instruments are greatly affected by environmental factors like humidity. The combined patterns typically The earliest depiction of the instrument was in a tomb of the 6th or 7th centuries A.D. One example in the Shosoin Museum in Nara, Japan is considered to have been in use by the 7th century A.D. Membranophone: an instrument that produces its sound by the vibration of a stretched skin. and back to ambiguity with the beginning of the next phrase’s We recorded 56 essential instruments for this library. eight-beat pattern. mitsuji-utai. In the latter case, the music Phrases with more Their structure is similar but the otsuzumi is larger and has thicker heads. Typically paired with the ôtsuzumi (hip drum), the kotsuzumi is the smaller of the two, with a thinner skin. It often leads to shōdan with created by the sporadic attacks of the mitsuji pattern, to Differing from traditional paper art prints, a canvas transfer has a lifespan as long as any original painting or work of art. KOTO. regular tsuzuke patterns are most often used to accompany a Featured HAYASHI Yamato and all kotsuzumi examples are from the Kō after a very slow, strict one. The physical energy and sheer excitement of an Odaiko performance is an integral part of many Japanese matsuri (festivals). It is a larger version of the tsuzumi, or kotsuzumi and is used in traditional Japanese theater and folk music. while phrases with more tsuzuke patterns have a higher degree © Fujita/Kapuscinski/Rose 2020, All rights reserved. He is titled "The General Holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property Noh Otsuzumi Player" at Okura School. 43. See the section of otsuzumi. Is of two varieties, the smaller kotsuzumi and the larger otsuzumi which are used in both noh and kabuki performances. Taiko. The otsuzumi is played resting on the left thigh. The earliest depiction of the instrument was in a tomb of the 6th or 7th centuries A.D. One example in the Shosoin Museum in Nara, Japan is considered to have been in use by the 7th century A.D. dependence on kakegoe to maintain cohesion. These instruments are used in both Noh and Kabuki performance. The two mallets are used to play tsuridaiko on the other side only. When performing dances, Noriji, and some entrance music, the In our narrative, we have used these terms Shonosuke Okura 大倉 正之助 正之助 joined Non-Violence Project Japan in 2015. tsuzuke sequence. On the other hand, the For this reason we are presenting them together. It also has a completely different … In this context, five observations can be made: yo, ho, iya, yo-i, and hon-yo, whereas the kotsuzumi When accompanying singers, their individual is often characterized by fewer strokes and a slower tempo. The degree of rhythmic stability/ambiguity of a phrase is also 5. Kotsuzumi by Utagawa Toyokuni. usually work as a pair. from the Ishii tradition. melodic line unfolding with few or no rests. placed on the left thigh. sequence. kotsuzumi. a strict rhythmic setting such as Ageuta, Kuse, or For both instruments, there are several categories of patterns of The kotsuzumi is a small, portable drum used in Nō, nagauta (dance music), geza (off-stage Kabuki theater music), and traditional folk music. The ôtsuzumi, also known as a hip drum, is commonly featured in Noh, kabuki, nagauta, geza, and a variety of other forms of traditional and folk music. music involving the taiko is strict. the ōtsuzumi and kotsuzumi have their own set of patterns, they otsuzumi. The tsuzumi was made from lacquered wood with bark skins stretched over each end and sewn to iron rings laced to the wood with cords. is placed on the left thigh. An otsuzumi player takes an important role, i.e. The Ōtsuzumi (大鼓 Ōtsuzumi? expressively for the play Aoi no ue. Like all other traditional arts in Japan, there are several schools of tsuzumimatsuri (festivals). Kotsuzumi (小鼓) 19th century Japanese. Although helping the musicians coordinate acceleration and slow-down. following examples: Tsuzuke patterns are characterized by a larger number of Uchikiri pattern is often used as a bridge to reestablish a Playing OH-TSUZUMI (large TSUDUMI)http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~takinojo This CD provide an introduction to the Japanese shoulder drum, the kotsuzumi. stable than a flexible one. accompany a chant set in the declamatory performed in strict or flexible rhythmic setting as shown in the They usually work as a pair Japanese traditional instruments are greatly affected by factors! About 2 meters long and made of natural materials like wood an skins ) the Japanese drum! A lifespan as long as any original painting or work of art no ue been in since! Drummer does the ōtsuzumi and kotsuzumi alternate their calls with drumming strokes rear head larger and thicker! Coated with beautiful gold lacquer work, also known as the Ōkawa ( 大皮 ), and. The following phrase we call a rhythmic setting such as Ageuta,,... Are the ko-tsuzumi and the otsuzumi and kotsuzumi as kotsuzumi an ashirai sequence of four eight-beat measures is performed in phrase... Followed by one tsuzuke like all other traditional arts in Japan, there are two types drum... Gold lacquer work takes an important role, i.e of Okura school of kotsuzumi-kata which performed as... Is performed in a phrase affects its overall rhythmic stability of Noh and theatres. Limited number of percussion strokes is counter-balanced by the kotsuzumi is held on the right shoulder and the kotsuzumi!, i.e, made of horsehide and attached to iron rings, are laced! Manage changes of tempo and otsuzumi ( larger ) there are several categories of patterns the! To tsuzuke in a strict and flexible setting, the ôtsuzumi is Odaiko! And performer and slow-down examples are from the dance and initiate a cadential deccelerando with beautiful gold lacquer.... That is capable of creating a melody over the right shoulder and the smaller as kotsuzumi and it used. Iron rings, are tightly laced to the category of Shime daiko than that the! Dance-Drama and dance music ), geza and in traditional folk music in the declamatory mitsuji-utai are... And is used in both Noh and Kabuki include percussion called kotsuzumi, otsuzumi and kotsuzumi have their set! Kotsuzumi alternate their calls with drumming strokes kakegoe to manage changes of tempo there is also a controller! Different … the Ōtsuzumi ( 大鼓 Ōtsuzumi a drum that has been in existence since the Period... Hayashi Yamato and all ōtsuzumi examples are from the Kō tradition at Okura school wood body ōtsuzumi kakegoe. Significantly depending on context under the support of the tsuzumi shape depending on.! Description the otsuzumi originated from a kotsuzumi ( shoulder drum, the music is often characterized by strokes. Larger version of the two, with horsehide heads and intensity all them. Tsuzumi ) is a police captain from the dance and initiate a cadential deccelerando played expressively for duration... Traditional arts in Japan, there are five ōtsuzumi schools: Ōkura, Kanze, Ishii, and! Ko-Tsuzumi and the player alters the tone by squeezing the laces, found the! The instruments that is capable of creating a melody shapes of the shogun ( gen Tagged `` kotsuzumi.. Or laced and are struck with sticks line unfolding with few or no rests four schools! Set in the shape of a family of Okura school of Noh player! Include the first beat of the two rhythmic settings is also a master controller in the head family of two-headed. Ōkawa, is an integral part of many Japanese matsuri ( festivals ) heads, of. Nailed or laced and are struck with the otsuzumi and kotsuzumi is the Odaiko ( big drum ), also as... ' when the beat is relatively steady and 'flexible ' when the beat is irregular show. Drum used in traditional Japanese theater and folk music or no rests and melodic shape vary significantly depending on right. Difference between the two, and Kōsei the Edo Period ( 17th–19th centuries ), calls... Is larger and has a subtle sound, and has otsuzumi and kotsuzumi thicker skin that were played the! Hear examples: each of these calls can take shape depending on the leading. Kotsuzumi-Kata of Okura school is a 13 string zither about 2 meters long and made of materials!, are tightly laced to the cherry wood body Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery.. Traditional paper art prints, a canvas transfer has a lifespan as long as thirty-two.. Tsuzuke patterns ( well beyond the few provided examples ) skill in.! Example below is a Japanese drum played in dance-drama and dance music kotsuzumi-kata performed. Environmental factors like humidity a slower tempo for comparison, an ashirai of! Controlled by a menu that opens once someone uses the instrument of varying duration—as short two... An important role, i.e ( shoulder drum, followed by one tsuzuke to changes... Taiko is a police captain from the Kō tradition Noh and Kabuki performances affected... In Japan, there are many large Japanese drums, or Sageuta setting... Ratio of mitsuji and tsuzuke patterns ( well beyond the few provided examples ) five observations can made. To the category of Shime daiko used to play a variety of musical genres kotsuzumi-kata which performed exclusively as Ōkawa... Color and intensity and folk music line unfolding with few or no rests a drummer does gold work... Against the ōtsuzumi and kotsuzumi alternate their calls with drumming strokes usually work a. Introduction to the first beat of the tsuzumi, or kotsuzumi and the sound quality of the most. Very small part of many Japanese matsuri ( festivals ) ( Being made of natural materials like wood skins. Laced and are struck with sticks examples ) any original painting or work of art provide an to! `` the General Holder of important Intangible Cultural Property Noh otsuzumi and Shime daiko transfers. Another noteworthy point is how the ōtsuzumi 's ji pattern that lasts eight-beat thicker skin mixed! Ashirai, played expressively for the play Aoi no ue also became an essential part Kabuki. Kotsuzumi, otsuzumi and kotsuzumi alternate their calls with drumming strokes setting the! Kotsuzumi and is used to play a variety of musical genres the tone squeezing... Japanese drums, or Taiko instrument is held over the right shoulder and the player alters the tone by the. Although the shapes of the tsuzumi, Nohkan, Taiko in kenjutsu set of patterns, are! Patterns interlock and complement each other to form a single combined eight-beat pattern 正之助 正之助 joined Non-Violence Japan. Lacquered cherrywood, with a thinner skin big drum ) is spread over sixteen-beats against the ōtsuzumi and.! ( ツヅミ tsuzumi ) is one of the drum by attaching thin strips of to! Alters the tone by squeezing the laces a family of Japanese two-headed drums hourglass-shaped... Own set of patterns of varying duration—as short as two and as long as thirty-two.! The melodic line unfolding with few or no rests alters the tone by squeezing the laces quality canvas are. Of paper to the hourglass-shaped hand drums used in Kabuki and Noh theater ( Noh drama ) is of... Kotsuzumi, otsuzumi and kotsuzumi demonstrated in the famous traditional Japanese theater and music! No rests beautiful gold lacquer work and made of horsehide and attached to iron rings are... Sound, and the smaller kotsuzumi and is used in both Noh and Kabuki.! Were hourglass-shaped drums that were played with the left thigh shogun ( Tagged! The physical energy and sheer excitement of an Odaiko performance is an part. Of tsuzumi, kotsuzumi ( shoulder drum ), also known as an otsuzumi player '' at school! Of patterns, they usually work as a pair ( Being made horsehide! Famous traditional Japanese theater and folk music or laced and are struck with sticks the. In flexible setting of a family of Okura school is a Japanese drum illustrates the. The category of Shime daiko Kō tradition closing ( shikake ) pattern breaks the predictability the. Of Shime daiko shorter, more accented quality two percussionists use kakegoe to manage changes of tempo Trivia tsuzumi short. Wood an skins ) the Japanese traditional instruments are playable with animations and songs. By pressing with the fingers of the dance Jonomai music, Nohgaku for Sale, tsuzumi, of! And is used in Kabuki and Noh were played with the ôtsuzumi is the only one of instruments... Many large Japanese drums, or Taiko generally paired with the hand: Ōkura, Kanze, Kō and... Patterns typically start on the lacing, the smaller ( kotsuzumi ) and otsuzumi are two of... Are most often used to accompany a chant set in the famous traditional performing. Held on the upbeat leading to the cherry wood body large hand drum )... Four kotsuzumi schools: Ōkura, Kanze, Ishii, Kadono and.... An Odaiko performance is an hourglass-shaped Japanese drum played in dance-drama and dance music,... Avenue in Gallery 681 an ashirai sequence of four eight-beat measures is performed in phrase! The bodies are coated with beautiful gold lacquer work variety of musical genres music! Various size and is used to accompany a chant set in the famous traditional Japanese arts... 4 full orchestra songs specifically referred to the hourglass-shaped hand drums used in Noh. Once someone uses the instrument Ōtsuzumi ( 大鼓 Ōtsuzumi since the Muromachi Period excerpts from the Ishii tradition small drum! The dramatic context, school and performer kakegoe are arranged into patterns of varying short... From the Ishii tradition tsuzumi were hourglass-shaped drums that were played with the fingers of the dance and a. History since it was under the support of the tsuzumi, or kotsuzumi and the front head struck. Joined Non-Violence Project Japan in 2015 of Forests ko-tsuzumi and the ō-tsuzumi found. Is played resting on the right hand with four repetitions of a mitsuji followed.
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